Two of the most popular film formats are 35mm and 120 film, each with their own unique characteristics and appeal.
If you're new to film, considering expanding your horizon when shooting, or you've picked up a new camera, you may be wondering: which format is right for me?
Let’s break down the differences and explore why you might choose one over the other.
What Is 35mm Film?
35mm film, often referred to as "small format," has been the industry standard for decades.
It’s the most widely available and recognised film format. When you think of film photography, chances are you're picturing 35mm.
35mm film rolls are compact, easy to handle, and widely accessible. They're compatible with a wide variety of cameras, from point-and-shoots to advanced SLRs (Single Lens Reflex). The frames on a 35mm roll measure 24mm x 36mm, which is the size of each individual exposure. 35mm film processing is also one of the most affordable types of film to process, with generally the quickest turnaround times.
If you're new to shooting on film, we recommend heading over to our beginners guide to 35mm film next!
Advantages of 35mm Film
35mm is popular for a reason, its generally cheaper than 120 film so is great for entry level photographers and beyond, and there are virtually 100's of different types of film stock to explore. Here are just some of the advantages you can look forward to when shooting on 35mm:
Portability: 35mm cameras tend to be smaller and more lightweight, making them ideal for street photography, travel, or spontaneous shooting.
More Exposures per Roll: A typical roll of 35mm film can yield 24 or 36 exposures, giving you more opportunities to shoot without needing to reload.
Wide Availability: Since 35mm is the most popular film format, it’s easier to find both the film and the equipment for it, and more labs offer 35mm film processing.
Cost-Effective: Compared to medium format film (120), 35mm is generally cheaper, both in terms of the cost per roll and developing fees.
Quick and Easy: With its smaller negative, 35mm is faster to develop and scan, making it a go-to for those who want quicker results.
Downsides of 35mm Film
There's actually very few downsides to shooting on 35mm and the reasons below are very subjective, and it actually starts to come down to personal preference what you lean towards.
Smaller Negative: Because of its smaller negative size, 35mm film doesn’t capture as much detail as larger formats like 120 film, especially when enlarged. Images may also exhibit more grain, especially at higher ISO levels.
Limited Depth and Dynamic Range: Compared to 120 film, 35mm may not provide the same level of depth, tonal range, or richness in the final image.
What Is 120 Film?
120 film, commonly referred to as "medium format," produces a much larger negative than 35mm. Depending on the camera and frame size (often 6x4.5cm, 6x6cm, or 6x7cm), 120 film can deliver dramatically higher image quality, with much more detail, clarity, and dynamic range.
This format was once the standard for professional photographers, especially in portrait, fashion, and landscape photography, before the rise of digital cameras.
Advantages of 120 Film
120 film offers several advantages over 35mm, thanks to its significantly larger negative size.
This format provides greater detail, richer tones, and a more immersive aesthetic, making it ideal for large prints and capturing subtle nuances in highlights and shadows.
The slower, more intentional shooting experience of 120 film also encourages thoughtful composition, resulting in uniquely detailed and dynamic images.
Larger Negative, Greater Detail: The most significant benefit of 120 film is its larger negative, which can be up to five times the size of a 35mm negative. This means much more detail, depth, and smoother gradients.
Better for Enlargements: If you plan to create large prints or are seeking maximum image clarity, 120 film excels due to the richness and sharpness of the final image.
Unique Look and Feel: Medium format photography has a distinctive, often more immersive aesthetic. The shallow depth of field, enhanced sharpness, and richer tones create a signature look that is hard to replicate with 35mm.
Slower, More Intentional Shooting: Many photographers enjoy the slower, more deliberate pace of shooting with 120 film. You have fewer exposures per roll, which means you’ll think more carefully about each shot.
Increased Dynamic Range: The larger surface area of 120 film allows for a greater dynamic range, capturing more details in both highlights and shadows.
Downsides of 120 Film
The downsides of shooting with 120 film include fewer exposures per roll, leading to more frequent reloading and higher costs for both film and 120 processing.
Medium format cameras are also bulkier and harder to carry, which can be a disadvantage for on-the-go photography.
Additionally, the format has a steeper learning curve, often requiring manual controls and a deeper understanding of photographic techniques, making it more challenging for beginners.
Fewer Exposures per Roll: Depending on the format and camera, you’ll get fewer exposures per roll—typically between 8 and 16 shots. This means more frequent reloading and more expensive shooting.
Bulkier Equipment: Medium format cameras are generally larger, heavier, and more cumbersome to carry around compared to 35mm cameras. This can be a disadvantage for travel or street photographers.
Higher Cost: Both 120 film and developing fees are more expensive than 35mm. The larger film also takes longer to process and scan.
Learning Curve: Medium format photography can be more challenging, especially for beginners. The equipment is often fully manual, requiring a deeper understanding of exposure, focus, and composition.
35mm VS 120 film?
35mm is ideal for photographers who value spontaneity, flexibility, and accessibility. It’s the perfect format for those who want to shoot quickly and experiment without the pressure of limited exposures.
If you’re interested in street photography, documentary work, or simply need a portable option, 35mm has a lot to offer.
Beginners also gravitate toward 35mm because it’s easier to find affordable cameras, film, and processing options. If you’re just starting out, 35mm offers a forgiving and flexible entry point into the world of analogue photography.
On the other hand, for those who crave the highest image quality and enjoy taking a more thoughtful approach to photography, 120 film is a compelling option.
If you're drawn to portraiture, landscape, or fine art photography and plan to print your work in large formats, medium format film will deliver results that 35mm simply can’t match.
Despite its higher cost and slower pace, many photographers love the artistic control and detail that 120 film provides. It’s also a fantastic choice for those who want to stand out, as the look and feel of medium format photos are often immediately recognisable for their clarity and depth.
Which Format Is Right for You?
Ultimately, the decision between 35mm and 120 film depends on your style, needs, and budget. If you’re looking for ease, versatility, and a lower price point, 35mm will serve you well. On the other hand, if you’re seeking superior image quality, a more immersive shooting experience, and the ability to create stunning enlargements, 120 film is worth the investment.
Whichever format you choose, both offer unique rewards and challenges, allowing you to explore the endless creative possibilities of film photography. Happy shooting!
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